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You T, Niwa O, Chen Z, Hayashi K, Tomita M, Hirono S (2003) An amperometric detector formed of highly dispersed Ni Nanoparticles embedded in graphite like carbon film electrode for sugar determination. Tominaga M, Shimazoe T, Nagashima M, Taniguchi I (2005) electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at gold nanoparticle modified carbon electrodes in alkaline and neutral solutions. Rcchitta G, Spanu A, Babudieri S, Latte G, Madeddu G, Galleri G, Nuvoli S, Bagella P, Demartis MI, Fiore V, Manetti R, Serra PA (2016) Enzyme biosensors for biomedical applications: strategies for safeguarding analytical performances in biological fluids. And it also displayed notable stability and reproducibility good current sensitivity. The improved sensitivity noticed for type III electrode is 4.3124 mA mM −1 cm −2 and limit of detection 0.06 μM.

The surface-modified PANI/AgNL type III electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic properties and efficient electrode kinetics which is high regarding the electrochemical application in the present study. Electrocatalytic activity and sensing parameters of optimized PANI/AgNL electrode were explored using chronoamperometric response, cyclic voltammetry performance and corresponding calibration plots regarding the sensing mechanism. All prepared PANI/AgNL electrodes were subjected to physicochemical characterization techniques such as the surface morphological study by field emission scanning electron microscopy the structural and elemental detection of PANI and Ag was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. AgNLs acted as a promising candidate for electrochemical sensing by providing high oxidation potential. In this work, electrochemically synthesized polyaniline (PANI) electrode surface was modified by decorating silver nanoleaf (AgNL).
